US President Donald Trump has signed a new Russia and Iran sanctions law that could expose countries buying large amounts of Russian oil and gas to tariffs of up to 100%. India and China could face the impact because they remain among the biggest buyers of Russian crude.
The law, called the Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026, expands US sanctions on Russian officials, financial institutions and energy networks. It also targets Russia’s “shadow fleet” of vessels used to move oil while avoiding Western restrictions.
However, the law does not automatically place a 100% tariff on Indian goods. Instead, it gives Trump the authority to impose tariffs of up to 100% on goods from the five largest importers of Russian oil or natural gas, subject to conditions in the law.
For India, the move could add pressure to already important India-US trade ties. If Washington imposes higher duties, Indian exporters could face higher costs and reduced competitiveness in the US market. The actual impact will depend on whether tariffs are imposed, their rate and the products covered.
